Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands

Briefly describe thyroid hormone receptors - where are they located in the cell and how do they function after binding thyroid hormones?

Thyroid follicles are filled with a substance called colloid. The major constituent of colloid, and the precursor for synthesis of thyroid hormones, is called:

In which organ is calcitonin synthesized?

Cretinism is a syndrome of growth and mental retardation caused by:

an excess of thyroid hormones early in life
a deficiency in parathyroid hormone originating in teenagers
a deficiency in thyroid hormones originating in teenagers
a deficiency in thyroid hormones early in life
an excess of thyroid hormones originating in teenagers
an excess of parathyroid hormone originating in teenagers

If you were asked to remove the thyroid glands from a dead hippopotamus, where would you look for them?

The image below depicts two people - in which of the two would the rate of synthesis of thyroid hormones be highest?

Jill
Jack

Which of the following is the best description of the chemical nature of the thyroid hormones thyroxine and triiodothyronine?

derivatives of fatty acids
large peptides
steroids
proteins
a type of carbohydrate
modified tyrosines
modified nucleotides

List two major target organs for parathyroid hormone:

If an animal or person had an inactivating mutation in the gene for the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor, you would expect blood levels of thyroid hormones to be [ VERY HIGH or VERY LOW ] and portal blood levels of thyroid-releasing hormone to be [ HIGH or LOW ] (circle the correct answers, 1 point, no partial credit).

thyroid hormone levels very high and thyroid-releasing hormone high
thyroid hormone levels very low and thyroid-releasing hormone low
thyroid hormone levels very low and thyroid-releasing hormone high
thyroid hormone levels very low and thyroid-releasing hormone low

Which of the following problems would you anticipate in a giraffe that had hyperparathyroidism (excessive production of parathyroid hormone)?

extreme lethargy
a massive goiter
inability to regulate body temperature
"spontaneous" bone fractures
a very high concentration of glucose in blood

Which of the following is the best description of the distribution of thyroid hormone receptors within the body:

occur in almost all cells except liver
occur almost exclusively in liver cells
present in most if not all cells
present only in reproductive organs and brain

What element is a necessary structural component of thyroid hormones and efficiently extracted from blood by thyroid epithelial cells.

The image below shows a thyroid follicle. What is the term used to describe the pinkish material labeled with a question mark?